MODULE 3 EXERCISE – (a post for ALC201)

Image source:

Research: https://research.usc.edu/usc-symposium-on-digital-media-research-education-and-innovation/

Digital media are relatively new inventions that have a strong influence in humans’ life across the globe. More and more people in this today’s era tend to depend on them in terms of communicating and acquiring information and entertainment. The role of digital media is increasingly crucial for human’s life that will certainly difficult to imagine what things would be like today without them. Langdon Winner (1997, p. 1001) described several benefits of digital media for human throughout the world in this technology age. They are: well-being, freedom, satisfaction, advancement, and achievement. “New technology will bring universal wealth, enhanced freedom, revitalized politics, satisfying community, and personal fulfillment.” Langdon Winner (1997, p. 1001). No one can deny the benefits of the digital media. It is instantly providing information about events around the world that is largely taken for granted by society around the world. As a matter of fact, there is a similarity among the society in communicating. Therefore, people who live far away will not feel lost because of the help of digital media. That is why conducting and analyzing textual representations of digital media culture is mainly essential.

Image source:

ACSPY, Wise Gadget Use for the ‘Mobile’ Generation

http://www.acespy.com/blog/wise-gadget-use-for-the-‘mobile’-generation/

 

In this digital age, there is a tendency that occurs in younger generation’s habits in terms of obtaining information as well as communicating. It is called ‘global youth culture’; a term that represents young generations around the world nowadays in performing a common interest. Moreover, digital media, which currently have mushroomed all over the world, become the essential formation of the individual habitus. Habitus defined by French sociologist, Pierre Bordieu, (cited in David L Swartz 2002, pp. 615), is a tendency in which an individual has some specific activities or life experiences that often done and taken for granted. “Bourdieu’s attempted to address the questions how human action is regulated and how human action follows regular statistical patterns without being the product of obedience to some external structure” (David L Swartz 2002, pp. 615). In other words, in a particular situation of individual’s action, which the media expose, is defined by habitus.

Image source:

Bulletin,(Thread: Swipe File Is Going The Distance, But Hates “Luv Storys”)

http://www.bleedingcool.com/forums/front-page-film-tv-video-news/44906-swipe-file-going-distance-but-hates-%22luv-storys%22.html

Take for example a film that performs that kind of habitus, “Going the Distance” (2010). This is a film by Nanette Burstein, released in 2010 starring by Drew Barrymore and Justin Long that represents a new habit of a couple who undergo a long distance relationship in this digital era. Through this film, some digital media such as telephone, computer, laptop, and other digital devices are becoming the most essential medium that couples usually use in order to carry out a long-distance relationship. Through this film, audiences can also see that the younger generations in this technological era has similarities in communicating and using new media. New media such as Skype, Windows Live, Yahoo Messenger, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Live Journal, Blogger, WordPress and so on are the most commonly used media among humans across the world in this current digital era. In other words, digital media and new media bring uniformity among all people around the world in order to communicate and acquire information.

The easiness in communicating that is indicated on this film is caused by digital media and technology service. As now we lived in electronic age, the way we received the message are automatically different from previous era, in which print media such as newspapers and letters are the main medium previously. However, in this digital era, digital media are massively developing to reach their potential. Based on McLuhan (1969), there is a significant change of communicating from printing era into the electronic era. This condition indicates that there is a huge social change and the existence of technology. Since we live in technology era, the way we communicate is dramatically different from the previous era, where everything are not as sophisticated as now. Hirst and Harrison (2007, pg. 28) are supported this statement by saying that this digital era brings continuous development that make works easier, sophisticated, as well as make people feel more enjoy.

A long distance relationship is so difficult to do in the previous era, in which the main media are only letters and telephone. However, ‘Going the Distance’ film indicates that those people who undergo a long distance relationship in this current era do not need to worry because digital media along with the Internet and new media will assist them to communicate easily. Digital media and new media help people who live in distant places to feel closer. It is can be demonstrated on the film when Garrett (Justin Long) and Erin (Drew Barrymore) can celebrate the New Year together via Skype. They also can laugh together on funny video that is attached and sent by Garret via Windows Live. They can also perform phone sex via phone. This film gives the message to the audience that conducting a long distance relationship is not as difficult as we might imagine because now we live in digital era. There are webcam and laptop or computer, which allow us to talk to each other as if we are doing a face-to-face interaction. We can also use our cell phone to do chatting fast, easily and practically with SMS, Windows Live, Yahoo Messenger, and so on.

In conclusion, in this current era, digital media has become an important role for all people across the world. Everyone agreed that digital media in today’s era brought great influence on society’s communication system. It can be seen in which there is a tendency of people in communicating. They use digital media, Internet and new media, which as a result there is uniformity in terms of communicating and receiving information. A movie “Going the distance”, also indicates that using digital media and new media to communicate become ordinary activity in daily life. Moreover, this film also shows that undergoing a long-distance relationship is no longer becoming an obstacle for any couple as digital media allow them to communicate easily.

Reference List:

• Hirst, M & Harrison, J 2007, ‘Communication and New Media: From Broadcast to Narrowcast’, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
• McLuhan, M 1969, Extract from the ‘Interview with Eric Norden’, Playboy, March, pp. 53–62, 64–6, 68, 70, 72, 74, 158.
• Swartz, D.L. 2002, ‘The sociology of habit: The perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’, in The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, Winter, Vol. 22, Supplement, p. 615
• Winner, Langdon. “Technology today: utopia or dystopia?” Social Research 64.3 (1997): 989- 1017.

“Twittersphere” – Extended Scholarly Blog

Twitter sphere

Source: http://bigbellyworld.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/20100819230015-twitter-world.jpg

The internet is the single most important communication break through of the latter half of the last century, has revolutionized the way people, communicate, access information including the mass media reportage, and even how they respond to and comment of social and political issues. In this context it has been argued the Internet has facilitated a phenomenon or so called public sphere (Jurgen Habermas1989: 92). The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action. It is “a discursive space in which individuals and groups congregate to discuss matters of mutual interest and, where possible, to reach a common judgment (Gerard Hauser 1998: 86).

According to the classic liberal theory, the sphere can be defined as the ‘space’ or social arena where individuals can exercise both formal and informal control over democracy (Curran 1993).  Therefore, Twittersphere is merely a modern version of the public sphere. It is a term to describe the social life condition in which all people across the world become so much close as they have a freedom to express opinions that can be easily spread globally. The term ‘sphere’ for Twittersphere is more likely the same with a realm of social life in which public opinion can be formed (Robert Assen 1999: 115).

“Twitter is an indispensable tool for connecting, making friends and staying on top of everything everybody is doing.” (Kennedy, 2010: 5). Twitter is categorized as the social media, which can brings something useful; it is not just for updating status but also spreading information and news. Moreover, based on Barlow (2011: 109), Twitter is a place in which users are allowed to interact, share, distribute, organize, and manage the content that they created by others.”

 

Twitter World

Source: http://i26.tinypic.com/o0byh.jpg

Some reasons why the terms Twittersphere exist are because Twitter brings big impacts in various areas of life, which helps in the spreading of globalization. Twitter also gives freedom for the publics either obtain or share news or information for free. Twitter hashtag is one feature on Twitter that triggers any information become spreaded easily. It is being used frequently so that it can be seen to all users as a ‘trending topic’. The trending topic allows users to see the current topics of conversation and get involved themselves.

 

Twitter on Your Computer

Source: http://www.shortstack.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/twitterworth.png

 

 

 

Twitter for Android

Source: http://www.technobuzz.net/hootsuite-releases-android-twitter-app/

 

Twitter for Blackberry

Source: http://www.orangatame.com/products/openbeak/

Twitter for iPhone

Source: http://applefollowers.com/iphone/twitter-for-iphone-updated/

 

 

People can use Twitter not only via website but also mobile phone, smartphone, as well as several gadgets. Now gadgets are allowed people to use Twitter because they have cooperated with it. So, now Blackberry, iPhone, and Android users can find Twitter for Blackberry, Twitter for iPhone, and Twitter for android. In other words, Twitter does convergence with other devices.

Furthermore, this condition changes the way people across the world to communicate as well as acquire information.  Before Twitter is invented, they need newspapers or other printed media to get current information or important news either inside or outside the county. With the advent of twitter, they become more comfortable getting information, simply by go to twitter application on their gadgets. They can also find the news with the help of hashtag or ‘tweets’ from other twitter accounts that they follow.

In addition, before using twitter, people got the information just they way it is. However, after twitter became so much happening and popular in terms of to get the information; they are allowed to give comments and opinions as well. They can also discuss with other users from both within and outside the country so, the dialogue between countries take place.

The changes that Twitter brought are some of important parts that also contribute in the making of new culture or Diaspora. ‘Diaspora’ (Dufoix, 2008), a word of Greek origin, refers to the dispersal throughout the world of people with the same territorial origin. Diaspora, in particular, has become an all-purpose word (Rainer Bauböck and Thomas Faist 2010: 14). Diaspora (the large-scale migration or dispersion of people in general) can be attributed to for the reason there is such a large degree of different cultures in the modern world. Twitter is headquartering in San Francisco, United Stated, but it spreaded across the world. Moreover, the benefits of it can also be perceived by other nations equally. Now almost all countries across the world use twitter and change their communicating behavior. They are no longer fixated by printed and broadcasted news media for getting information. Now they feel much more convenient to obtain information as they get the news using Twitter through their gadgets. They also do not just get the news, but could participate by giving comments, opinions, or discuss with others in an extensive and unlimited space or distance.

 

Indonesian Trends

Source: http://sidomi.com/110662/jokowi-kuasai-trending-topic-twitter-indonesia/

The terms ‘glocalization’ is applied to the Twitter and its ‘Trending Topic’. Glocalization serves as a means of combining the idea of globalization with that of local considerations. It also can be defined as a combination of the words “globalization” and “localization” used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally, but is also fashioned to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market. Each Twitter users can see ’ Trending Topic’ on it worldwide. It means that users can see what hot news is happening now or what news most talked or discussed by people worldwide. However, users are also allowed to see what are trending topics in their local issues. They cannot only see what happening worldwide, but also see hot issue in their specific site. In other words, trending topic on Twitter can hit each target’s needs. For example, people in Indonesia want to know the current situation in their country, so they find it through Indonesian Trending Topic on Twitter, as well as for those who live in Australia, they want to know what the current news is being talked, so they just go to Australian Trending Topic on Twitter. Thus, Twitter is facilitating news and information to its users across the country according to their needs.

As mentioned above, Twitter users have a freedom to interact with other people no matter they live inside or outside the country. They also can read any incident that occurs on someone’s status on their ‘timeline’ regularly. However, in order to see what happens on some people periodically, one has to follow its accounts. “It’s OK to follow people, you do not know.” (Finnie 2009: 40). It seems slightly scary, when people you do not know follow your twitter page. Security also becomes one thing should be discussed. It might bring insecurity while users are updating their current status. It needs protection with what we are doing which have relation with security. The local government not remains silent to protect about the safety of their citizens. They had already done many things in various ways. According to Nestian (2011: 147) argued that there are several threats to freedom in the Internet, which mass surveillance of the citizens made by the police and the intelligence service, on the ground of preemptively blocking terrorism and other criminal activities. Twitter is part of the Internet, which its activities are being controlled. This surveillance also must have an ethics even though for security reason, because not all people like to be revealed about their personal life.

In conclusion, Twittersphere is merely a modern version of the public sphere, as it allows people to come together to freely discuss, interact, share, distribute, organize, and manage the content that they created by others. Twitter brings big impacts in various areas of life, which helps in the spreading of globalization. With Twitter, communication behavior of the people across the countries is change. It allows people to not only get information or news but also can discuss and interact with other people from other countries. This impact automatically makes the world becomes a smaller and smaller place.

Referencing List: 

Asen, Robert 1999, ‘Toward a Normative Conception of Difference in Public Deliberation’, Argumentation and Advocacy pp. 115–129.

Barlow, A, Leston, R, 2011, Beyond the Blogosphere: Information and its children, Praeger, United States of America, p. 109.

Bauböck, R & Faist, T 2010, ‘Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods’, IMISCOE Research, Amsterdam University Press, p. 14.

Dufoix, S 2008 ‘Diasporas’. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Finnie, S, 2009, “The Business Sense of Twitter”, Computerworld, p.40.

Kennedy, C, 2010, “High Speed Internet Access”, Overland, p. 4-9.

Habermas, Jurgen. 1989. ‘The Public Sphere: An Encyclopaedia Article. In Critical Theory and Society: A Reader’ New York: Routledge, p. 92.

Hauser, Gerard 1998, ‘Vernacular Dialogue and the Rhetoricality of Public Opinion’, Communication Monographs. p. 86.

Nestian, G, 2011, “The Human Security In The Information Age”, Ministry of Communication and Information Society, pp.143-153.

Images sources:

Twitter for Android, retrieved 4 October 2012

<http://www.technobuzz.net/hootsuite-releases-android-twitter-app/>

Twitter for Blackberry, retrieved 4 October 2012

<http://www.orangatame.com/products/openbeak/>

Twitter for iPhone, retrieved 4 October 2012

<http://applefollowers.com/iphone/twitter-for-iphone-updated/>

Twitter on Your Computer, retrieved 4 October 2012, <http://www.shortstack.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/twitterworth.png>

Twittersphere, retrieved 4 October 2012, <http://bigbellyworld.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/20100819230015-twitter-world.jpg>

Twitter World, retrieved 4 October 2012, <http://i26.tinypic.com/o0byh.jpg>

 

Social Media and Celebrity

 

 

Celebrities have become the glue of our social. In contemporary society, it is relatively impossible to turn on the television or pick up a newspaper without finding mention of some celebrity and his or her new deeds or misdeeds. This is because of the proliferation of media regarding celebrities. Celebrities are human pseudo-events (qtd. in Boorstin 720)

Living in globalization era, we can clearly see that celebrities now become a massive part of the social media. They also play important role of the whole social media network since they can easily connect with the public than before especially when Twitter becomes so much happening.

Based on David Marshall about the increasing trend that is blurring the lines between public and private self,  a huge celebrity contribute to the social media is not necessarily leads to the  good influence. Take for example Prince Harry case. ” Prince Harry’s privacy has been invaded. After choosing to show off the crown jewels to a bevy of frolicking maidens in Las Vegas, paparazzi took his naked photo and spread it globally. Besides those conventional photos, public are now get information about a video of his antics is being hawked around for the highest bidder.

So, there is a huge changing from the situation of NO mobile phone and internet can easily spread information globally to ALL media (social media, new media, etc), mobile phones, and other gadgets which support internet service can easily spread information globally and build the whole world knew about it.

Referencing Lists:

Express & Star 2012, Should The Sun have printed Prince Harry pics?, retrieved 4 September 2012 <http://www.expressandstar.com/lifestyle/blogs/2012/09/03/should-the-sun-have-printed-prince-harry-pics/?mh&gt;

Deborah King Center 2011, The Impact Celebrities Have on Our Lives, retrieved 4 September 2012 <http://www.deborahkingcenter.com/resources/celebrities/&gt;

Gregory, K 2008, Celebrities: Who They Are, How They Gain Popularity, and Why Society Is So Fascinated with Them and Their Court Cases, Eastern Michigan University Digital Commons @ EMU, retrieved 4 September 2012 <http://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149&context=honors&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.au%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dthe%2520role%2520of%2520celebrities%2520in%2520society%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D2%26ved%3D0CCgQFjAB%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fcommons.emich.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1149%2526context%253Dhonors%26ei%3DsOFFUIOiE4qaiAf_tIGICQ%26usg%3DAFQjCNHI9bsTPJuoCSDci48ea8WWpvHrRA#search=%22role%20celebrities%20society%22&gt;

Protect our culture from globalization

Globalization of cultural heritage has some negative impacts in some areas. Akande (2002) seems to understand more of this negative impact when he said that western adventures made efforts to undermine the cultural heritage of various peoples around the world through colonization, imperialism and now globalization. Take for example Indonesia. Indonesa is a developing country who has huge impact of globalization. However, this country cannot protect their culture well. It is so because there are many cultures of Indonesia are stolen or claimed from its neighbor country, Malaysia.

These are the example of Indonesia’s original culture which are claimed by Malaysia

1. Batik, United Nations Education Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) representative list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

2. Pendet Dance, Malaysia put Pendet Dance as their visit year ads.

3. Wayang Kulit (puppet show), Puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as the work of an amazing culture in the field of narrative story and legacy of beautiful and valuable (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity).

4. Angklung, Sundanese musical instrument is listed as Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Human Nonbendawi of UNESCO since November 2010.

5. Reog Ponorogo,

6. Lumping Horse Dance,

7. Rasa Sayange song, Minister of Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia, Rais Yatim admitted that Rasa Sayange belongs to Indonesia on 11 November 2007.

8. Rafflesia Arnoldi flower

9. Keris, terdapat satu panel relief Candi Borobudur (abad ke-9) yang memperlihatkan seseorang memegang benda serupa keris.

etc.

Even though Indonesian people can reclaim their culture, but this situation indicates that they cannot manage or protect their own culture because their culture had appeared in some media and stated as someone else’s culture.

referencing list:

Kementrian Dalam Negreri Indonesia 2012, Budaya Indonesia yang pernah diklaim Malaysia, retrieved 4 September 2012, <http://www.depdagri.go.id/news/2012/06/18/budaya-indonesia-yang-pernah-diklaim-malaysia&gt;

Mercy U, Cyril C, E. Asogwa 2011, Globalization of Cultural Heritage: Issues, Impacts, and Inevitable Challenges for Nigeria, Library Philosophy and Practice 2011, retrieved 4 september 2012 <http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/nwegbu-eze-azogwa.htm&gt;

Twittersphere

Tweeting becomes a new habits in this globalization era. Twitter not only for getting information network, blogging platform, or as a social networking site, BUT ALSO as a new life style. It enables its users to send and read messages for only 140 characters displayed on the author’s profile page. A “tweet” consists of a brief sentence that essentially allows the user to answers the question: What are you doing?

“Twitosphere” and “Twitterverse,”is statistics for the Twittersphere that consist of some datas for instance: which days of the week have the dense Twitter traffic. it aslso can be used to measure the approximate number of followers Twitter users have; for example, more than half have less than 25, while approximately 5% have more than 250. Other measurements of interest are how many people follow multiple tweets and how many tweet writers follow other tweet writers.

Based on Research from comScore, Indonesia has the biggest number of twitter users among other countries. It can be said that Indonesia is  most Twitter-addicted nation. According to the data, 20.8 percent of Indonesians online visited Twitter during June 2010, with the country scoring the highest percentage rate of Twitter usage amongst of any nation’s online population. In other words, even though Indonesia is one of the developing and not as powerful or strong country in the world, the globalization impact for this country is very huge. Indonesia also can easily make headlines, trending topics, or popular discussion. Moreover, Indonesia to be Asia’s Twitter capital, as the most addicted Twitter users in the world.

referencing lists:

 

 

Hubpages 2011, The Twitter phenomenon, retrieved 1 September 2012, <http://anath.hubpages.com/hub/The-Twitter-phenomenon&gt;

Parker, K 2008, The Twitter Phenomenon — In Touch, Always, in Cyberspace, retrieved 1 September 2012 <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/02/AR2008120202935.html?sid=ST2008122500674&gt;

PCMag, 2102, Twittersphere, retrieved 1 September 2012 <http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=Twittersphere&i=60386,00.asp&gt;

Russell, J 2010, Indonesia recognised as world’s biggest Twitter addict, retrieved 1 September 2012 <http://asiancorrespondent.com/38839/research-proves-indonesia-is-worlds-biggest-twitter-addict/&gt;

Making culture

Most people said that the impact of globalization in the cultural aspect has generally, been viewed  in a dramatic decrease. Usually, it has been linked with the damaging of cultural identity, cultural acceleration victims, homogenized westernized, etc. This view, the constituency for which extends from (some) academics to anti-globalization activists (Shepard and Hayduk 2002), tends to interpret globalization as a seamless extension of – indeed, as a euphemism for – western cultural imperialism.

Based on Yale Global, there are so many people who sensitively with the disappearance of culture and cultural identity. Besides that, most cultures across the world at critical situation of decreasing their own languages. Linguists predict that over half of the almost 7,000 languages spoken in the world today will disappear by the end of the century.

Australia, for example. More than 20 million of Australian population are the most culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the world. Aborigine is an Indigenous Australians and the original inhabitants of the Australian continent, but has faded over time. Moreover, 26.8% of the Australian resident population were born outside Australia.

One of the most crucial aspect that can distinguish one culture to another is food. Each culture in every single country has own special food. For example, for those people who want to eat  Italian food can just go to Italian restaurant since there are many italian restaurants available in every countries or on Lygon street in Melbourne. Indonesian restaurants are also available in Melbourne such as Nelayan restaurant, Pak E’, Selero Kito. In other words, each country has own traditional food which represent its culture.

Referencing List

Lynton, M 2007, Globalization and Cultural Diversity, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 31 Agustus 2012, < http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/globalization-and-cultural-diversity&gt;

The Racism, Australia’s cultural diversity, retrieved 31 Agustus 2012 < http://www.racismnoway.com.au/about-racism/population/index.html&gt;

Tomlinson, J 2003, Globalization and Cultural Identity, p.269

Olympic Game is a True Globalization Event

Who don’t know Olympic Game? Olympic is one of the biggest international game in which variety of games be held and participated by more than thousand athletes.  Even though not really scrutinize it, most people across the world know it. Moreover, Olympic is also one of the prestigious events and the world’s leading sporting competitions with more than 200 countries participated. This  event is held once every four years, so it always opens with a very rousing ceremony and majestic decoration, stealing people attention across the world,which as a result, Olympic becomes a global discussion. Media talks, discusses, shows, informs, about it. The excitement of this event is broadcasted to hundreds of countries across the world via television, radio and the internet. People can watch the game through their gadget any where they want, so there is no limited time, and space to access or to watch the game. As globalization has changed the international dynamics, the question of the relationship between globalization and the Olympics come. However, since the ancient time, olympic is made to create a global competition where the best athletes in the world representing their home countries while showcasing their individual talents.

The Olympic Games are competitions between athletes in individual or team events and not between countries. They bring together the athletes selected by their respective NOCs, whose entries have been accepted by the IOC. They compete under the technical direction of the IFs concerned. (International Olympic Committee 2012:19)

References:

Boulton, A, Globalization and the Olympic Games, Global Governance, 2011, retrieved 9 August 2012,<https://portfolio.du.edu/portfolio/getportfoliofile?uid=188011&gt;

International Olympic Committee (2012), Olympic Charter, retrieved 9 August 2012, <http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf>

My Global Empire

I want to be the next Rupert Murdoch, a founder of News Corporation, Australia’s Adelaide News, and other several popular media. He is a successful pioneer entrepreneur of media, as he created several successful,  creative and innovative big media companies. His ideas are very brilliant, and made him as one of the richest businessmen, and one of the most influential man in the world especially for the world of media. If I were him, I want to create something new, fresh, and innovative such as make a news company for women, meaning the news is targeted for women readers. It is including newspaper, television, radio, social media, search engine, can be access everywhere, using mobile phone, and other gadgets. I do so because news or information is mostly too formal, only read by man and executive or professional, so I want to encourage women and (girls) teenagers to read news so that they can  be more responsive with what happens in the world.

The second one, i want to be like Walt Disney. I want to build new gadget like Apple did (iPhone, iTouch, MacBook, ipad) but only for kids! Because nowadays kids are sophisticated  enough and love to play gadget as well as understand how to operated it. So, it will be so much great if they can learn how to obtain news and information from early age through their own gadget. The gadgets are design deliberately simple, easy to use, with kids design and colorful look.

references:

bio.True Story, Rupert Murdoch biography, retrieved 9 August 2012, <http://www.biography.com/people/rupert-murdoch-9418489&gt;

Soylent Communications, Rupert Murdoch,2012, retrieved 8 August 2012,  <http://www.nndb.com/people/420/000023351/&gt;

Soylent Communications, Walt Disney, 2012, retrieved 9 August 2012,  <http://www.nndb.com/people/420/000023351/>

Missing Part of The Definition of Globalization by Rantanen

“Globalization is a process in which worldwide economic, political, cultural, and social relations have become increasingly mediate across time and space” (Rantanen, 2005:3)

Even though the definition about globalization above is clear, explicit, and vivid enough, but there are some missing parts; interaction, interlink, interconnection, or integration, and health as a fundamental aspect of human being and increasingly interconnected world. Globalization is not only a process of economic, political, cultural, and social relations soaringly intercede, but also the process in which the  interaction and integration of  political, cultural, social relations, and health among people, companies and governments across the world, driven by international trade and investment and catalysed by information technology. (Coldfats, 2008).

An overview of study on the processes of globalization utters that people are facing a various aspect which containing economic, social, political, cultural, religious and legal dimensions, and all of them are interlinked in the complex manner.

Moreover, Globalization associates in very various ways with others, and root transformations in the world system, such as the high increase in inequality between developing and developed countries and between the rich and the destitute inside each country, dense population, environmental damage, ethnic gab, international mass migration problem, the emersion of new states and the collapse or decline of others, the development of the civil war, globally organized crime, formal democracy as a political condition for international aid, etc.

References:

De Sausa Santos, Boaventura, The process of Globalization, Portugal 2002

Appadurai, A. (1990) ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’, pp. 1-23 in Public Culture, Vol.2, No 3. A shorter version is published in Theory, Culture and Society, Vol.7, No 2-3, June 1990.

Boyd-Barrett, O. (1977) ‘Media imperialism: towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems’, pp. 116-135 in J. Curran and M. Gurevitch (eds) Mass Communication and Society. London: Edward Arnold.

Globalization

My previous post gives one example of globalization; there is a huge changing in life, and all of countries across the world certainly get the impact of it. The condition is changing where  some people/societies/countries who don’t know at all about technology, modernization, digital media, and gadget, and now use it for their live. In other words, people tend to use any equipment, media, tools from conventional to modern one. Globalization changes them globally.  Since then, new terms came up such as global brand, global structure,  global media, global technology, global education, and global warming.

In terms of global education in school, nowadays every classroom has a technical network which can link the student to the world by using internet, or make them easier to understand by using electronic equipment such as in focus, projector, and so on.

Another effects of Globalization on education also bring quick developments in technology and communications within school systems across the world as ideas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers, and producing a shift in society from industrialisation towards an information-based society.

Globalization has integrated people from different cultures, nations, political patterns and ideologies to function together for a common goal (http://zbexodus.com/). Technology also plays increasingly fundamental role of live especially in this modern era. In other words, globalization and technology work together in the modern time.

References:

Choy, C. P, Education and Globalization, 2006, retrieved  July 19, 2012, <http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/features/mso04012004.html>

Levine, Joel S., Technology and Change in Education: Culture is the Key, retrieved  July 19, 2012, <http://www.cssjournal.com/levine.html&gt;